Agar aap kabhi kisi ke ghar Fatiha, Quran Khwani, ya Isal-e-Sawab ki mehfil mein gaye honge, to shayad aapke zehan mein ye sawal zaroor aaya hoga:
Fatiha Aur Esaale Sawaab Kya Hai?
Hum ye amal kyun karte hain?
Kya iska zikr Quran aur Hadith mein milta hai?
Sawab waqai marhoomeen tak pahunchta hai?
Afsos ki baat ye hai ke bohot se log ye amal to karte hain, lekin uska asal maqsad aur hikmat nahi jaante. Kuch log sirf dusron ko dekh kar karte hain, jabke kuch log bina poori maloomat ke is par sawal uthate hain.
Isi wajah se humne ye Complete Guide Series tayyar ki hai.
Is pehle hissa mein hum bilkul buniyad se samjhenge:
Fatiha kya hai?
Isal-e-Sawab kya hai?
Iska asal maqsad kya hai?
Aur in sab baton ko itni aasaan language mein samjhenge ke ek chhota bachcha bhi asaani se samajh sake.
Fatiha Kya Hai? (What is a Fatiha in Islam?)
Sabse pehle ek baat samajhna bohot zaroori hai. “Fatiha” asal mein Surah Al-Fatiha ka naam hai. Lekin hamare muashray mein jab koi kehta hai:
“Aaj Fatiha hai.”
To uska matlab sirf Surah Fatiha padhna nahi hota. Balke us se murad hota hai:
Allah Ta’ala ki raza ke liye Quran ki tilawat karna, Durood Shareef padhna, dua karna aur us nek amal ka sawab (Reward) kisi aur ko hadiya karna. Yahi wajah hai ke aam zabaan mein is poore amal ko “Fatiha” kaha jata hai.
Meaning of Fatiha
Fatiha word Quran ki Surah Al-Fatiha se aaya hai. Surah Al-Fatiha Quran Majeed ki pehli Surah hai. Isi liye ise “Fatiha” yani “Ibtida”, “Shuruaat” ya “Opening” kaha jata hai.
Is Surah ke aur bhi mashhoor naam hain:
- Umm-ul-Kitab
- Umm-ul-Quran
- As-Sab’ul Mathani
- Ash-Shifa
Har Musalman rozana Namaz ki har Rakat mein Surah Fatiha padhta hai.
- References:
- Quran Majeed — Surah Al-Fatiha, 1:1–7
Ise “Fatiha” Kyun Kehte Hain?
Ye sawal bohot logon ke zehan mein aata hai. Jawab bohot aasaan hai. Jab log Isaal-e-Sawab karte hain to aksar Surah Fatiha bhi padhte hain. Aahista aahista logon ne poore amal ko hi “Fatiha” kehna shuru kar diya. Yani; Naam Surah ka tha, Aur dheere dheere poore amal ka naam ban gaya. Bilkul waise hi jaise hum kabhi kabhi kisi mashhoor cheez ka naam poore kaam ke liye istemal kar dete hain.
Isal-e-Sawab Kya Hai? | What Is Isaal-e-Sawab?
Ab sabse aham sawal. Isal-e-Sawab (Transferring Reward) do lafzon se mil kar bana hai.
Isaal Matlab: Pahunchana.
Sawab Matlab: Allah ki taraf se milne wala ajr ya inaam. Yani; Isaal-e-Sawab ka matlab hua: Apne kisi nek amal ka sawab Allah Ta’ala se dua karte hue kisi dusre shakhs ko pahunchane ki darkhwast karna.
Yahan ek baat bohot zaroori samajhiye. Hum khud sawab nahi pahunchate. Hum Allah Ta’ala se dua karte hain ke:
“Ya Allah! Jo sawab Tune hume is amal par ata farmaya hai, apni rehmat se uska ajr falan shakhs ko bhi ata farma.”
Is liye asal dene wale Allah Ta’ala hi hain.
Your Attractive Heading
- References:
- Al-Tadhkirah fi Ahwal al-Mawta wa Umur al-Akhirah — Jild 1, p. 74
- Sharh al-Sudur — pp. 300, 311–313
Sawab Kya Hota Hai?
Jab koi Musalman:
- Namaz padhta hai
- Quran padhta hai
- Roza rakhta hai
- Nafli Hajj karta hao
- Sadqa deta hai
- Kisi ki madad karta hai
- Allah ka zikr karta hai
To Allah Ta’ala us par ajr (rewards) ata farmata hai. Isi ajr ko Sawab kehte hain. Ye duniya ka paisa nahi.
Ye Allah ka inaam hai.
Aur Allah ka khazana kabhi kam nahi hota.
Ek Asaan Example Se Samjhiye
Sochiye, Aapke paas ek gift hai. Aap us gift ko kisi dost ko de dete hain. Woh dost khush ho jata hai. Isi tarah jab aap koi nek amal karte hain to Allah Ta’ala aapko sawab ata farmata hai. Phir aap dua karte hain: “Ya Allah! Is nek amal ka sawab mere walid, walida ya kisi marhoom ko bhi ata farma.” Allah Ta’ala jis ke liye chahe apni rehmat se woh ajr ata farma deta hai. Yahi Isaal-e-Sawab hai.
Isaal-e-Sawab Ka Asal Maqsad
Ab sawal ye hai. Hum ye amal karte hi kyun hain? Iska jawab bohot pyara hai. Hum kisi bhi nek amal ke baad Allah Ta’ala se dua karte hain ke:
“Ya Allah! Is amal ko qabool farma aur iska sawab falan shakhs ko bhi ata farma.”
Yani; Na hum Allah ko majboor karte hain. Na hum khud sawab transfer karte hain. Balke Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat ki umeed rakhte hain.
- References:
- Al-Tadhkirah fi Ahwal al-Mawta wa Umur al-Akhirah — Jild 1, p. 74
- Sharh al-Sudur — pp. 300, 311–313
- Shu’ab al-Iman — Jild 6, p. 202, Hadith 7905
Hum Marhoom Ke Liye Dua Kyun Karte Hain?
Jab koi insaan is duniya se chala jata hai to uske apne amal ruk jate hain. Lekin Islam hume ye taleem deta hai ke hum apne marhoomeen (Deceased) ke liye dua karein. Unke liye maghfirat (Forgiveness) ki dua karein. Sadqa karein. Aur Allah se unke liye rehmat ki darkhwast karein. Ye unse mohabbat ka bhi izhar hai. Aur Allah ki bargah mein unke liye rehmat ki dua bhi.
- References:
- Al-Mu’jam al-Awsat — Jild 1, p. 509, Hadith 1879
- Shu’ab al-Iman — Jild 6, p. 202, Hadith 7905
Kya Sirf Marhoomeen Ko Hi Isaal-e-Sawab Kiya Ja Sakta Hai?
Nahi. Isaal-e-Sawab ki dua sirf marhoomeen ke liye hi nahi ki jati. Ulama ne bayan kiya hai ke nek amal ka sawab Allah Ta’ala se dua karte hue Ambiya-e-Kiram, Sahaba, Ahl-e-Bayt, Awliya-e-Kiram aur tamam Momineen ke liye bhi hadiya kiya ja sakta hai. Is tarah ki tartib aur dua ka zikr aapke share kiye gaye risale mein bhi maujood hai. Is mauzu par hum agle chapters mein tafseeli guftagu karenge.
- References:
- Sharh al-Sudur — pp. 300, 311–313
- Shu’ab al-Iman — Jild 6, p. 202, Hadith 7905
Fatiha Aur Isaal-e-Sawab Mein Kya Farq Hai?
Ye sawal bhi bohot important hai. Fatiha aam tor par us amal ko kaha jata hai jisme Quran ki tilawat, Durood aur dua waghera ki jati hai. Jabke Esaale Sawab us amal ke sawab ko kisi doosre shakhs ke liye hadiya karne ya Allah Ta’ala se usko ata karne ki dua karne ko kaha jata hai. Aasaan alfaaz mein: Fatiha = nek amal aur tilawat ka amal
Isaal-e-Sawab = us amal ka sawab kisi ke liye pahunchne ki dua
Dono lafz aksar ek hi mauqe par istemal hote hain, isi liye aam guftagu mein log in dono ko ek hi ma’ni mein bhi bol dete hain.
Kya Fatiha Sirf Khana Rakh Kar Hoti Hai?
Nahi, Fatiha ko sirf khane se jorna zaroori nahi. Khana rakhna ya logon ko khilana ek alag nek amal ho sakta hai. Lekin Fatiha ke hawale se buniyadi baat Quran ki tilawat, Durood aur dua hai. Aapke share kiye gaye risale mein bhi Fatiha aur Isaal-e-Sawab ke hawale se Quran ki mukhtalif Suratein aur ayaat padhne ke baad dua ka tareeqa bayan kiya gaya hai. Isliye agar koi Fatiha ka naam sun kar sirf khane ke bare mein soche, to woh is amal ke asal maqsad ko poori tarah nahi samajh raha.
- References:
- Fatawa Razawiyyah — Jild 9, pp. 650, 667, 671
- Bahar-e-Shariat — Jild 1, p. 853
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Conclusion
Agar poore article ko sirf chand aasaan jumlon mein samjhein, to baat ye hai:
Fatiha aam tor par Quran ki tilawat, Durood aur dua par mabni ek amal ke liye istemal ki jane wali istilah hai.
Isaal-e-Sawab ka matlab hai kisi nek amal ke sawab ko kisi shakhs ke liye hadiya karne aur Allah Ta’ala se usko sawab ata farmane ki dua karna.
Aur is amal ka ek aham maqsad apne liye bhi nek amal karna aur Allah Ta’ala ki bargah mein doosron, khaas taur par apne marhoomeen, ke liye rehmat aur maghfirat ki dua karna hai.
Fatiha Aur Isaal-e-Sawab ke bare mein tafseeli maloomat ke baad ab aap iska Part 2 – Fatiha Aur Isaal-e-Sawab Ka Tariqa | Step by Step Guide padh sakte hai.
References
- Al-Tadhkirah fi Ahwal al-Mawta wa Umur al-Akhirah — Jild 1, p. 74.
- Sharh al-Sudur — pp. 300, 311–313.
- Fatawa Razawiyyah — Jild 6, p. 474; Jild 9, pp. 650, 667, 671.
- Bahar-e-Shariat — Jild 1, p. 853.
- Sunan Abi Dawud — Jild 2, p. 180, Hadith 1681.
- Sunan al-Daraqutni — Jild 2, p. 229, Hadith 2087.
- Shu’ab al-Iman — Jild 6, pp. 202, 205; Ahadith 7905, 7911.
- Al-Mu’jam al-Awsat — Jild 1, p. 509, Hadith 1879.
- Al-Kamil fi Du’afa al-Rijal — Jild 6, p. 260.
- Musnad al-Shamiyyin — Hadith 215.
- Jami’ al-Jawami’ — Jild 7, p. 528.
- Dala’il al-Khayrat — pp. 88, 193.
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