Yaum e Ashura Ki Fazilat aur Waqiyat | Ashura Ka Roza | 10 Muharram Ka Khichda

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Introduction

Kya aap jante hain ke Islam ki tareekh mein kuch din aise bhi hain jo sirf ek tareekh nahi balki Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat, maghfirat aur azeem sabaq ka paigham lekar aate hain?

Yaum e Ashura bhi unhi mubarak dino mein se ek hai. Muharram-ul-Haram Islami saal ka pehla mahina hai aur hurmat wale mahino mein shamil hai. Is mahine ki 10 tareekh, yani Yaum e Ashura, Islam mein khaas maqam rakhti hai. Yaum e Ashura ki fazilat sirf ek tareekhi din nahi balki ibadat, shukr aur Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat hasil karne ka bhi ek behtareen mauqa hai.

Ashura ka din hamein Hazrat Musa Alaihissalam ki nijat, Ashura ke roze ki fazilat aur Hazrat Imam Hussain رضي الله عنه ki azeem qurbani ki yaad dilata hai.
Isi liye har Musalman ke liye zaroori hai ke woh Yaum e Ashura ki haqeeqi ahmiyat, iske fazail aur is din ki ibadat ko samjhe.

Yaum e Ashura Ki Fazilat Aur Yaum e Ashura Ke Waqiyat | Ashura Ka Roza | 10 Muharram Ka Khichda

Yaum e Ashura Kya Hai?

Yaum e Ashura Muharram ki 10 tareekh ko kaha jata hai. Lafz “Ashura” Arabic ke lafz “Asharah” se nikla hai jiska matlab hai “das”.
Islam mein yeh din Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat, maghfirat aur ibadat ka khaas din mana jata hai.

Muharram Ki Ahmiyat Quran Mein

Muharram un chaar hurmat wale mahino mein se ek hai jin ka zikr Quran-e-Kareem mein aata hai.
Allah Ta’ala ne in mahino ko khaas hurmat aur azmat ata farmai hai. Isi wajah se Muharram-ul-Haram ko “Allah ka Mahina” bhi kaha gaya hai.

Reference: Quran – Surah Tauba : 36

Muharram Ki Ahmiyat Quran Mein

Ashura Ka Roza Kyun Rakha Jata Hai?

Jab Rasoolullah ﷺ Madinah Munawwarah tashreef laaye to aap ne dekha ke Yahudi 10 Muharram ka roza rakhte hain. Jab unse wajah poochi gayi to unhone bataya ke isi din Allah Ta’ala ne Hazrat Musa Alaihissalam aur Bani Israel ko Firon se nijat di thi.
Is par Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Hum Musa Alaihissalam se tumhari nisbat zyada qareeb hain.”
Iske baad aap ﷺ ne Ashura ka roza rakha aur sahaba ko bhi iski targheeb di.

  • References
    • Sahih Bukhari
    • Sahih Muslim

Ashura Ke Roze Ki Fazilat

Hazrat Abu Qatadah رضي الله عنه se riwayat hai ke Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaya:

"Main Allah Ta'ala se umeed rakhta hoon ke Ashura ka roza pichhle ek saal ke gunahon ka kaffara ban jaye."

Is hadith se maloom hota hai ke Ashura ka roza Allah ki rehmat aur maghfirat hasil karne ka azeem zariya hai.

Ashura Ka Roza Kaise Rakhein?

Sabse afzal tareeqa:

  • 9 aur 10 Muharram ka roza
  • Ya 10 aur 11 Muharram ka roza

Is tarah Yahud ki mushabihat se bhi bacha ja sakta hai.

  • References
    • Sahih Bukhari
    • Sahih Muslim

Yaum e Ashura Ke Mashhoor Waqiyat

Muhaddiseen aur muarrikheen ne Yaum e Ashura ke saath kai azeem waqiat ka zikr kiya hai. Inme se baaz waqiat sahih ahadith se sabit hain, jabke baaz tareekhi aur tafseeri riwayaat ke zariye manqool hain. Isi liye ulama ne in waqiat ko fazilat aur tareekhi ahmiyat ke taur par bayan kiya hai.
Mashhoor riwayaat ke mutabiq:

  • Hazrat Adam علیہ السلام ki tauba Yaum e Ashura ke din qabool hui.
  • Hazrat Nuh علیہ السلام ki kashti tufan ke baad Joodi Pahad par isi din thehri.
  • Hazrat Ibrahim علیہ السلام ki wiladat aur aap ko “Khalilullah” ka maqam milne ka zikr bhi isi din ke saath manqool hai.
  • Allah Ta’ala ne Hazrat Ibrahim علیہ السلام ko Namrood ki aag se nijat ata farmayi.
  • Hazrat Ayyub علیہ السلام ki takaleef aur bimari isi din door hui.
  • Hazrat Idris علیہ السلام ko asmaan ki taraf uthaya gaya.
  • Hazrat Isa علیہ السلام ko bhi asmaan par uthaya gaya.
  • Hazrat Musa علیہ السلام aur Bani Israel ko Firon se nijat mili aur Firon apne lashkar samet darya mein gharq hua.
  • Hazrat Yunus علیہ السلام machhli ke pait se salamat bahar tashreef laaye.
  • 10 Muharram 61 Hijri ko Hazrat Imam Hussain رضي الله عنه aur unke wafadar saathiyon ne maidan-e-Karbala mein shahadat ka rutba hasil karke haq aur sachchai ka parcham buland farmaya.

In waqiat mein se Hazrat Musa علیہ السلام ki nijat aur Ashura ke roze ki fazilat sahih ahadith se sabit hai. Jabke baaz dusre waqiat tareekhi aur tafseeri riwayaat ke zariye manqool hain. Is liye ulama ne unhen fazilat ke bab mein zikr kiya hai.

  • References
    • Ma Sabata Bis Sunnah
    • Ghunyat-ut-Talibeen
    • Tafsir Ibn KathirAl-Bidayah Wan Nihayah
    • Sahih Muslim

Yaum e Ashura Ke Mustahab Amaal

Yaum e Ashura ibadat, zikr aur nek a’maal ka din hai. Ulama-e-Kiram ne kutub-e-faza’il mein is din ke kai mustahab a’maal ka zikr farmaya hai. Musalman apni himmat aur tawfiq ke mutabiq in nek kaamon ko ikhtiyar kar sakta hai.

1. Ashura Ka Roza Rakhna

Ashura ke din ka sabse afzal amal roza rakhna hai. Behtar yeh hai ke 9 aur 10 Muharram ya 10 aur 11 Muharram ka roza rakha jaye.
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:

"Main Allah Ta'ala se umeed rakhta hoon ke Ashura ka roza pichhle ek saal ke gunahon ka kaffara ban jaye."

References: Sahih Muslim

2. Shab e Ashura Mein Nafl Namaz

Baaz buzurgon aur kutub-e-faza’il mein Shab-e-Ashura ka yeh amal manqool hai:

  • 4 rakat Nafl namaz ada ki jaye.
  • Har rakat mein Surah Al-Fatihah ke baad 1 martaba Ayat-ul-Kursi padhi jaye.
  • Phir 3 martaba Surah Al-Ikhlas padhi jaye.

Namaz ke baad 100 martaba Surah Al-Ikhlas padhne ka bhi zikr milta hai.
Ulama ne likha hai ke yeh amal Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat aur barkat hasil karne ka zariya hai. Albatta is amal ko farz ya muakkadah sunnat samajhna durust nahi, balki nafli ibadat ki niyyat se kiya jaye.

3. Sadqa Aur Khairat Karna

Ashura ke din gareebon, miskeenon aur zaruratmandon ki madad karna bohat sawab ka kaam hai. Sadqa balaon ko door karta aur Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat ko hasil karne ka zariya banta hai.

4. Nafli Namaz Aur Zikr

Ashura ke din zyada se zyada:

  • Nafli namazen
  • Tilawat-e-Quran
  • Durood Sharif
  • Istighfar
  • Tasbeeh aur Zikr ka ehtimam karna chahiye.

5. Surah Al-Ikhlas Ki Kasrat

Baaz ulama ne Ashura ke din 1000 martaba Surah Al-Ikhlas padhne ko bhi mustahab likha hai. Is amal ka maqsad Allah Ta’ala ki yaad aur sawab hasil karna hai.

6. Ulama Aur Saleheen Ki Ziyarat

Deeni ilm hasil karna aur Ulama-e-Kiram ki sohbat ikhtiyar karna insaan ki islahi tarbiyat ka zariya banta hai. Is liye baaz ulama ne Ashura ke din bhi is amal ko pasandeedah qarar diya hai.

7. Yateem Ke Sar Par Haath Pherna

Yateem se mohabbat aur uski diljoi Islam ki azeem taleem hai. Ashura ke din kisi yateem ki madad karna ya uske sar par shafqat se haath pherna sawab ka sabab hai.

8. Ghar Walon Par Kushadgi Karna

Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood رضي الله عنه se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:

"Jo shakhs Ashura ke din apne ghar walon par kushadgi kare, Allah Ta'ala saal bhar uske rizq mein barkat ata farmata hai."

Is liye ulama ne is din ahl-o-ayal ke liye behtar khana tayyar karne aur khushi ka izhar karne ko mustahab likha hai.

9. Ghusl Karna

Baaz kutub mein Yaum e Ashura ke din ghusl karne ka bhi zikr milta hai. Is se taharat aur paaki hasil hoti hai.

10. Surma Lagana

Kuch ulama ne Ashura ke din surma lagane ko bhi mustahab likha hai. Yeh faza’il ki kitabon mein manqool hai.

11. Nakhun Tarashna

Safai aur taharat Islam ka aham hissa hai. Is liye baaz ulama ne Ashura ke din nakhun tarashne ka bhi zikr kiya hai.

12. Mareezon Ki Ayadat

Bimar ki khairiyat poochna aur uski ayadat karna Sunnat aur sawab ka kaam hai. Ashura ke din is amal ki bhi targheeb di gayi hai.

13. Sulah Safai Aur Rishton Ki Bahali

Aapas ke ikhtilafat khatam karna aur naraz logon ko manana bhi nek a’maal mein shamil hai. Ashura ke din is tarah ke a’maal se mohabbat aur bhai chara barhta hai.

14. Dua e Ashura Padhna

Baaz kutub mein Dua-e-Ashura ka bhi zikr milta hai. Musalman is din Allah Ta’ala se maghfirat, rehmat aur dunya-o-akhirat ki bhalai ki dua kare.

Note: In a’maal mein se Ashura ka roza Sahih Ahadith se sabit aur sabse afzal amal hai. Jabke baaz dusre a’maal faza’il aur buzurgon ki riwayaat se manqool hain. Is liye inhen sawab ki umeed ke saath kiya ja sakta hai, lekin farz ya lazmi sunnat samajhna durust nahi.

Muharram Ka Khichda: Haqeeqat Kya Hai?

Muharram, khaas tor par Yaum e Ashura ke mauqe par kai ilaqon mein Khichda ya Haleem tayyar karne ka riwaj paya jata hai. Kuch log is amal ko bid’at ya na-jaiz samajhte hain, jabke haqeeqat yeh hai ke Khichda pakana na to farz hai aur na wajib, lekin iske haram ya na-jaiz hone par bhi koi shar’i daleel maujood nahi.

Muharram Ka Khichda

Khichda Aur Hazrat Nuh علیہ السلام Ki Riwayat

Baaz tareekhi riwayaat mein zikr milta hai ke jab Hazrat Nuh علیہ السلام ki kashti tufan se nijat pa kar Joodi Pahad par thehri to us din Yaum e Ashura tha.
Manqool hai ke Hazrat Nuh علیہ السلام ne kashti mein mojood mukhtalif ghallon aur anaj ko jama kiya. Inmein:

  • Gehu (Wheat)
  • Jau (Barley)
  • Chana
  • Masoor
  • Chawal
  • Badi Matar (Fool)
  • Aur dusre anaj shamil the.

Aap ne in tamam anaj ko mila kar ek hi deg mein pakaya. Is wajah se baaz ulama ne Khichda ya mukhtalif anaj se tayyar ki gayi ghiza ko Hazrat Nuh علیہ السلام ki is yaad se mansoob kiya hai.

Ulama Ka Bayan
Mashhoor Shafi’i faqeeh Allama Shahabuddin Qalyubi رحمۃ اللہ علیہ ne zikr farmaya hai ke Misr (Egypt) mein Yaum e Ashura ke din jo “Tabikh-ul-Hubub” yani anaj se tayyar ki gayi ghiza pakayi jati hai, uski asal Hazrat Nuh علیہ السلام ke is amal ki taraf lautti hai.

Kya Ashura Ke Din Khichda Pakana Zaroori Hai?

Is baat ko achhi tarah samajhna zaroori hai ke:

  • Khichda pakana koi farz ya wajib amal nahi.
  • Iske baghair Ashura ke aamaal mukammal hote hain.
  • Kisi khaas khane ko deen ka lazmi hissa samajhna durust nahi.
  • Agar koi shakhs sawab ki niyyat se, ghar walon par kushadgi karne ke liye ya Hazrat Imam Hussain رضي الله عنه ke isal-e-sawab ke liye Khichda tayyar kare to ismein shar’an koi haraj nahi.

Ahl-e-Bait Se Mohabbat Ka Izhar
Kai Musalman Yaum e Ashura ke din Khichda ya Haleem tayyar karke rishtedaron, padosiyon aur ghareebon mein taqseem karte hain. Agar is amal mein riya, khurafat ya ghair shar’i aqeede shamil na hon to yeh sadqa aur silah-rahmi ki ek surat bhi ban sakti hai.

  • References:
    • Hashiyah Qalyubi
    • Ghunyat-ut-Talibeen

Yaum e Ashura Aur Waqia e Karbala

10 Muharram ka din Islami tareekh ke sabse dardnaak waqiat mein se ek, Waqia-e-Karbala ki bhi yaad dilata hai.
61 Hijri mein Hazrat Imam Hussain رضي الله عنه, unke ahl-e-bait aur wafadar saathiyon ne haq aur sachchai ke liye apni jaanon ki qurbani pesh ki. Mere Hussain Tujhe Salam Unki shahadat Islam ki tareekh mein sabr, istiqamat aur haq par qaim rehne ki azeem misaal hai.
Karbala ka paigham yeh hai ke Musalman har daur mein haq ka saath de aur zulm ke saamne sar na jhukaye.

  • References:
    • Tarikh al-Tabari
    • Al-Bidayah Wan Nihayah
    • Sirat Imam Hussain

FAQs

References & Sources

  • Quran ul Kareem
  • Sahih Bukhari
  • Sahih Muslim
  • Jami at Tirmidhi
  • Sunan Ibn Majah
  • Tafsir Ibn Kathir
  • Al-Bidayah Wan Nihayah
  • Ma Sabata Bis Sunnah
  • Ghunyat ul Talibeen
  • Jannati Zewar
  • Hashiyah Qalyubi
  • Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir
  • Bahar e Shariat
  • Fatawa e Razawiyah

Conclusion

Yaum e Ashura Islam ke azeem aur barkat wale dino mein se ek hai. Yeh din Allah Ta’ala ki rehmat, Hazrat Musa Alaihissalam ki nijat aur Hazrat Imam Hussain رضي الله عنه ki azeem qurbani ki yaad dilata hai. Har Musalman ko chahiye ke is din ki ahmiyat ko samjhe, roza rakhe, ibadat kare aur Allah Ta’ala ki bargah mein apni maghfirat aur rehmat ki dua kare.

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