Continue Reading: Agar aapne abhi tak is series ka Part 1 Bharat Ka Tiranga Kisne Banaya? Indian National Flag Ki History nahi padha, to pehle Indian National Flag Ki History (1904–1921) zaroor padhein. Usme humne Tirange ke shuruati safar aur Pingali Venkayya ke pehle design ke baare me detail se baat ki hai.
Part 1 me humne dekha tha ke Pingali Venkayya ne 1921 me Mahatma Gandhi ke samne ek Tricolour design pesh kiya tha. Yeh design us daur ke liye bohot aham tha aur Indian freedom movement ki ek nayi pehchan ban gaya. Lekin ek baat samajhna zaroori hai.
1921 wala Tiranga aur aaj ka Indian National Flag bilkul ek jaisa nahi tha. Us waqt ke flag me Charkha (Spinning Wheel) tha, jabke aaj humare National Flag ke beech me Ashoka Chakra hai. Isi tarah kuch aur tabdeeliyan bhi waqt ke saath ki gayin. Yani jo Tiranga aaj hum dekhte hain, woh kai saalon ki evolution ka natija hai.
Pingali Venkayya Ka Contribution Kitna Aham Tha?
Jab bhi Indian National Flag ki history ki baat hoti hai, Pingali Venkayya ka naam sabse pehle liya jata hai. Iski wajah bhi wazeh hai. 1921 me unhone jo Tricolour design pesh kiya, usne National Flag ki buniyad rakhi. Mahatma Gandhi ne bhi is design ko support kiya aur usme White stripe aur Charkha shamil karne ki salah di. Isi design ne aage chal kar 1931 ke Tricolour aur phir Indian National Flag 1947 ki buniyad tayyar ki.
Isi liye zyada tar history books aur educational institutions Pingali Venkayya ko Indian National Flag ke foundational designer ke taur par yaad karte hain. Lekin history yahin khatam nahi hoti.
1947 Me National Flag Ko Dobara Kyon Badla Gaya?
1947 me Bharat azaad hone wala tha. Ab zarurat ek aise National Flag ki thi jo poore desh ki pehchan bane. Charkha us waqt Congress Party aur Swadeshi Movement ki nishani mana jata tha. Isliye faisla hua ke National Flag me ek aisa symbol hona chahiye jo kisi ek siyasi movement se na juda ho. Isi wajah se Charkha ki jagah Ashoka Chakra ko chuna gaya.
1931 – Tirange Ko Nayi Pehchan Mili
1921 ke design ke baad bhi National Flag par discussion jari rahi. 1931 me Indian National Congress ne ek naya Tricolour adopt kiya jisme:
- Upar Kesariya
- Beech me Safed
- Neeche Hara
aur beech me Charkha tha.
Ye design aaj ke National Flag se kaafi milta tha aur isi wajah se ise modern Tirange ka seedha predecessor mana jata hai. Lekin Bharat abhi azaad nahi hua tha. Official National Flag ka faisla abhi baqi tha.
1947 – Azadi Ke Sath Ek Naya Rashtriya Dhwaj
1947 Bharat ki history ka sabse aham saal tha. British hukumat apne aakhri marhale me thi aur Bharat azaadi ki dehleez par khada tha. Isi dauran ek bohot aham sawal saamne aaya. Kya azaad Bharat ka National Flag wahi hona chahiye jo Congress Party istemal karti thi? Ya phir ek aisa parcham hona chahiye jo poore desh ki pehchan bane? Is sawal ka jawab dhoondhne ke liye Constituent Assembly ne National Flag ke design par dobara ghour kiya.
Charkha Ki Jagah Ashoka Chakra Kyon Laya Gaya?
Ye Indian National Flag ki history ka sabse important change tha. Kai log samajhte hain ke Charkha hata diya gaya kyunki uski importance khatam ho gayi thi. Lekin asal wajah kuch aur thi. Charkha Mahatma Gandhi aur Indian National Congress ki pehchan ban chuka tha. Jab Bharat ek azaad aur democratic republic banne ja raha tha, tab zarurat ek aise National Flag ki thi jo kisi ek siyasi jamaat ki nishani na lage.
Isi liye Charkha ki jagah Ashoka Chakra ko shamil kiya gaya. Ashoka Chakra, Samrat Ashoka ke Sarnath Lion Capital se liya gaya hai aur iske 24 spokes insaf, dharma aur lagataar pragati ki nishani mane jate hain. Yeh tabdeeli sirf design ki nahi thi, balke naye Bharat ke ideals ki bhi numayindagi karti thi.
Indian Flag Meaning – Tiranga Kiska Pratik Hai?
Bharat ka Rashtriya Dhwaj (Tiranga) sirf ek parcham nahi, balki desh ki ekta (Unity), azaadi (Freedom), loktantra (Democracy) aur rashtriya gaurav (National Pride) ka pratik hai. Iske teen rang aur beech me bana Ashoka Chakra Bharat ke moolya aur adarsh ko darshate hain.
- 🟧 Kesari (Saffron): Himmat (Courage), Tyag (Sacrifice) aur Nishtha (Dedication) ka pratik.
- ⬜ Safed (White): Shanti (Peace), Satya (Truth) aur Imaandari (Honesty) ka pratik.
- 🟩 Hara (Green): Samriddhi (Prosperity), Vikas (Growth) aur Prakriti (Nature) ka pratik.
- 🔵 Ashoka Chakra: Dharma (Righteousness), Nyay (Justice) aur lagataar Pragati (Continuous Progress) ka pratik.
22 July 1947 – Tiranga Official National Flag Bana
22 July 1947 ko Jawaharlal Nehru ne Constituent Assembly me National Flag se mutalliq resolution pesh kiya. Assembly ne Tricolour ko Ashoka Chakra ke saath Bharat ke Rashtriya Dhwaj ke taur par qabool kar liya. Isi din aaj ke Tirange ko official taur par adopt kiya gaya. Yeh tareekh Indian National Flag ki history me bohot ahmiyat rakhti hai.
Suraiya Tyabji Ka Naam History Me Kyun Aata Hai?
Aaj kal social media par ek da’wa bohot viral hota hai.
“India ka National Flag asal me Suraiya Tyabji ne design kiya tha.”
Ya phir,
“History ne unka naam chhupa diya.”
Aise da’we logon ke zehan me sawal paida karte hain. Lekin jab hum historical records ko detail me dekhte hain, to tasveer thodi zyada nuanced nazar aati hai.
Suraiya Tyabji Ka Asal Contribution
Suraiya Tyabji Hyderabad ki ek talented artist thi aur unki shadi senior ICS officer Badruddin Faiz Tyabji se hui thi. Kai historians aur kuch modern sources ke mutabiq Suraiya Tyabji ne:
- Final National Flag ka artwork tayyar karne me madad ki.
- Ashoka Chakra ke final visual presentation par kaam kiya.
- Flag ke colours aur proportions ko standardize karne me yogdan diya.
- Pehle official Tirange ki preparation aur stitching ki dekh-rekh ki.
British historian Trevor Royle ne apni kitab The Last Days of the Raj [4] me bhi unka zikr kiya hai. Isi wajah se kai researchers unke contribution ko bohot aham mante hain. Yeh contribution history ka ek hissa hai aur isay nazar-andaz karna bhi theek nahi hoga.
Kya Suraiya Tyabji Ko Official Designer Mana Gaya Tha?
Yahan ek bohot zaroori baat samajhna zaroori hai. Aaj tak aisa koi official Government notification ya Constituent Assembly record saamne nahi aaya jisme seedha likha ho:
“Suraiya Tyabji is the official designer of the Indian National Flag.”
Isi tarah koi official record yeh bhi nahi kehta ke:
“Pingali Venkayya alone designed the final 1947 National Flag.”
Official records zyada tar National Flag ke adoption aur uske specifications par focus karte hain, na ke kisi ek individual ko final designer qarar dene par. Isi liye historians ko books, memoirs aur secondary historical sources ka sahara lena padta hai. Yahin se mukhtalif riwayaat paida hoti hain.
Badruddin Faiz Tyabji Ka Kirdar
Badruddin Faiz Tyabji Indian Civil Service ke senior officer the aur baad me Bharat ke diplomat aur Aligarh Muslim University ke Vice-Chancellor bhi rahe. Kuch historical accounts ke mutabiq unhone National Flag ke final draft aur administrative process me bhi apna yogdan diya. Lekin unke role ki tafseeli wazahat bhi official records me maujood nahi milti. Isi wajah se historians ke darmiyan is baat par mukammal ittifaq nahi hai ke unka exact contribution kitna tha.
Kya Social Media Ke Da’we Puri Tarah Sahi Hain?
Aaj social media par do tarah ki posts aksar dekhne ko milti hain. Pehli post kehti hai:
“Sirf Pingali Venkayya hi Tirange ke designer the.”
Dusri post kehti hai:
“Asal designer sirf Suraiya Tyabji thi.”
Dono baatein history ko bohot zyada simplify kar deti hain. Authentic historical records ko dekhne par pata chalta hai ke Indian National Flag ek lambi evolution ka natija tha. Isme mukhtalif afrad ne mukhtalif dauron me apna contribution diya. Isi liye kisi ek shakhs ko poora credit dena aur dusron ke role ko nazar-andaz karna history ki mukammal tasveer pesh nahi karta.
FAQs
Conclusion
Agar hum tamam available historical evidence ko ek saath dekhein to sabse balanced aur insaf par mabni natija ye nikalta hai:
- Pingali Venkayya ne 1921 me us Tricolour ki buniyad rakhi jisne aage chal kar Bharat ke National Flag ki shakal ikhtiyar ki.
- 1931 ka Congress Tricolour aaj ke Tirange ka seedha predecessor tha.
- 22 July 1947 ko Constituent Assembly ne Ashoka Chakra ke saath final National Flag adopt kiya.
- Kai historians ke mutabiq Suraiya Tyabji aur Badruddin Faiz Tyabji ne final artwork, presentation ya refinement me aham yogdan diya.
- Lekin available official records kisi ek shakhs ko Indian National Flag ka sole official designer qarar nahi dete.
Is liye tareekhi insaf ka taqaza ye hai ke hum jis shakhs ka jitna documented contribution hai, usay utna hi credit dein. History ka maqsad kisi ek naam ko bada ya chhota banana nahi, balke tamam documented contributions ko imaandari ke saath samajhna hai.
References
- Constituent Assembly Debates, Vol. IV, 22 July 1947 (Resolution on the National Flag).
- National Portal of India – History of the Indian National Flag.
- Flag Code of India, 2002.
- Trevor Royle, The Last Days of the Raj.
- India Today Fact Check (2018):Did a Muslim woman design India’s National Flag? (Explains the historical debate and available evidence).
- National Archives of India (Historical records related to the adoption of the National Flag).
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